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外汇杠杆简介 - Forex Broker | FX Trading, STP, CFD & Forex Broker | ATC Brokers外汇杠杆简介
October 05, 2022

有句话叫“金钱永不眠”。这一点在外汇(又名外汇或 FX)市场中最为真实。每个工作日,全球约有 5 万亿美元的货币易手。我们只谈一天。这种大规模的资金流动每天为交易者和投资者提供大量的市场机会。但利用机会也可能意味着参与风险,尤其是在涉及杠杆时。几乎所有的外汇机会都被利用了。
让我们来看看这种看似持续的国际资金流动。是什么推动了货币市场?什么是杠杆,它是如何运作的?最重要的是,您如何利用这个机会而不被烧毁?
是什么让钱动起来?
外汇市场是一种国家货币对另一种国家货币的兑换。如果您用美元买入欧元,您就买入了欧元并卖出了美元。如果你想拿回你的美元,那么你基本上是“多头”欧元和“空头”美元——换句话说,多头欧元/美元(多头欧元兑换美元)。
当您将欧元兑换回美元时,希望您的欧元升值,以便您获得比最初进行交易时多几美元的回报。如您所见,金钱的价值始终在变化。但它的驱动力是什么?
国际经济力量、地缘政治和中央银行决策共同创造了使一种货币比另一种货币更具吸引力和价值的因素。如果对给定货币有需求,那么相对于另一种需求较少的货币,这会推高该货币的价格。这是简单的经济学定律:供需驱动价值。
例如,如果一个房间里有五个人竞相购买 1 欧元(一欧元),而只有一个卖家,那么买家可能会出价更高。一个愿意以 1.10 美元购买 1 欧元的人可能会被另一个可能将其提高到 1.11 美元的人高出价。另一个出价 1.12 美元,另一个出价 1.15 美元。
最后,1 欧元的售价为 1.15 美元。这意味着交易价格为 EUR/USD 1.15,或者……1 EUR = 1.15 USD。
当然,在现实世界中,单位更小且稍微复杂一些。
了解货币对和点
让我们回顾一下基础知识,正如您在上面的示例中所见,您正在交易两种货币。你买了一个,卖了另一个。这使得每笔货币交易都成为“一对”。
如果您要评估给定货币(例如美元)的价值,则必须评估其相对于另一种货币的价值,例如欧元 (EUR/USD)、日元 (USD/JPY)、加拿大元美元(美元/加元)等。所以,你总是成对思考。
请注意上面的美元有时是如何在最前面,有时是在最后。您正在查看的“头寸”是基础货币/报价货币。
可以这样想:1 单位基础货币 = x 单位报价货币。所以,如果 1 欧元 = 1.15 美元,那么 EUR/USD 1.15。翻转它,你得到美元/欧元 0.87,或 1 美元 = 0.87 欧元。
外汇以“点数”移动,即“点百分比”的缩写。对于大多数货币对(日元对有少数例外),货币的最小变动幅度为 0.0001。那是1点。相比之下,0.0010 的移动是 10 个点。可能看起来不多,但是当您像银行一样交易数百万美元的货币时,1 点可能值很多钱。
当您交易货币对时,您交易的是“手数”。不同的外汇经纪商提供不同的手数:
- 标准手数为 100,000 单位(单位表示您交易的任何货币)
- 迷你手数为 10,000 个单位
- 微型手数为 1,000 单位
这些是您典型的外汇手数。但是,如果您交易的是 10,000 个单位的迷你手,例如以美元计,您不需要 10,000 美元来进行交易。几乎所有外汇交易者都使用保证金,了解这一点很重要,因为它可以增强您的交易能力并增加您的风险。
什么是保证金,它是如何运作的?
“保证金”和“杠杆”这两个词齐头并进。那是因为保证金,本质上是借来的钱,比你每笔交易使用的善意存款为你提供了控制更大资产价值的杠杆。
保证金提高了您的购买力。例如,如果您的保证金要求是 2%,那么您就有 50:1 的杠杆。这意味着,您每使用 1 美元进行交易,您就控制着价值 50 美元的货币。
实际上,保证金基于“基础”货币。因此,如果欧元/美元的交易价格为 1.10 美元,那么在保证金要求为 2% 的情况下,您需要存入 2,200 美元才能交易 100,000 单位的标准手。数学:0.02 x 110,000 美元 = 2,200 美元。
好处在于购买力,但风险也是如此。
外汇保证金交易的风险
使用杠杆交易时,您的收益和损失将相对于您的头寸规模成倍增加。收益可以自理,但损失需要管理。
对于大多数外汇经纪商和平台而言,低于保证金要求可能会导致立即自动清算。这意味着您平台的软件可能会立即减少或关闭您的头寸,具体取决于您使用的平台。
当自动清算成功时,好消息是您的损失可能不会超过您账户中的资产(很少有市场变动事件可能导致自动清算软件失败或出现故障)。坏消息是你现在已经出局没有仓位了,你可能没有意识到这一点。
询问您的经纪商您的头寸可能被自动清算的百分比,以便您了解您的保证金限制。
底线
外汇市场可以为短期交易者和长期投资者提供潜在机会。请记住,货币一天 24 小时都在流动,一周将近 6 天。但与任何市场一样,您需要在进入之前了解其力量和机制。这样您就可以制定战略,在降低市场风险的同时利用机会。